Migraine is the 3rd most prevalent illness worldwide and affects 39 million Americans. It's a complex neurological disorder involving changes in brain chemicals and activity — not just a bad headache. Women are 3x more likely than men to have migraines.
When to See a Doctor
⚠️ See doctor soonSee a neurologist if migraines occur more than 4 days per month, or if over-the-counter medications stop working. Go to the ER immediately for: sudden severe headache unlike any previous, headache with fever and stiff neck, headache with confusion or weakness — these could be aneurysm or meningitis.
Early Warning Signs
2 symptomsAura (visual disturbances)
About 30% of migraineurs experience visual aura before or during an attack: zigzag lines, blind spots, flashing lights, or tunnel vision.
Prodrome symptoms (1-2 days before)
Warning signs including mood changes, food cravings, neck stiffness, increased thirst, or frequent yawning that precede the headache.
Common Symptoms
4 symptomsThrobbing or pulsating head pain
Intense, often one-sided head pain that worsens with physical activity. Distinguished from tension headaches by its severity and quality.
Nausea and vomiting
Nausea occurs in up to 80% of migraines; vomiting in about 30%. GI symptoms can be as debilitating as the head pain itself.
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Bright lights — including screens and sunlight — intensify migraine pain, driving sufferers to dark, quiet rooms.
Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
Even normal sounds become unbearable during a migraine. Many people cannot function in typical environments during an attack.
Advanced Symptoms
1 symptomPostdrome "migraine hangover"
After the headache phase: fatigue, cognitive fog, and weakness lasting 24-48 hours. Often called the "migraine hangover."
Emergency Signs — Seek Immediate Care
1 symptomSudden severe "thunderclap" headache
A sudden, explosive headache — the worst of your life — reaching peak intensity within seconds. This is a medical emergency. Call 911.
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